Protein Information
CD40 is a single-chain glycoprotein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, exhibiting significant homology to the Hodgkin's disease-associated antigen, CD30. It is expressed by B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, thymic epithelium, and a subset of peripheral T cells, as well as some epithelial cells, carcinomas, and lymphoid dendritic cells. Notably, CD40 is present on all B cells except plasma cells. CD40 plays a crucial role in regulating B cell development and maturation, inducing immunoglobulin isotype-switching, and protecting B cells from surface Ig-induced apoptosis when combined with other signals such as IL-4. It promotes proliferation and is essential for T cell-dependent immunoglobulin class switching, memory B cell development, and germinal center formation. The interaction between CD40 and its ligand CD154 (gp39) on T cells is vital for T-B cell crosstalk, costimulation, and immune regulation. Adaptor protein TNFR2 interacts with CD40, mediating signal transduction, while the AT-hook transcription factor AKNA is reported to regulate CD40 expression, which may be important for homotypic cell interactions. Additionally, the interaction between CD40 and its ligand is necessary for amyloid-beta-induced microglial activation, suggesting a role in the early pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms of CD40 have been identified. Diseases associated with CD40 dysfunction include Type 3 Hyper-IgM immunodeficiency and CD40 ligand deficiency, highlighting its importance in immune and inflammatory responses.
Synonyms
AI326936; B cell surface antigen CD40; B cell-associated molecule; B-cell surface antigen CD40; Bp50; CD antigen CD40; CD40; CD40 antigen; CD40 antigen (TNF receptor superfamily member 5); CD40 antigen, TNF receptor superfamily member 5; CD40 molecule; CD40 molecule, TNF receptor superfamily member 5; CD40L receptor; CDw40; GP39; HIGM1; I79_006806; IGM; IMD3; Immunoglobulin M; ImmunoglobulinM; LOC100349106; membrane protein CD40; MGC9013; p50; sCD40; soluble CD40; T-BAM; T-cell differentiation antigen; TNFRSF5; TRAP; Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 5
