ADARB1 Proteins

Protein Information

Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) referred to as A-to-I RNA editing. This may affect gene expression and function in a number of ways that include mRNA translation by changing codons and hence the amino acid sequence of proteins; pre-mRNA splicing by altering splice site recognition sequences; RNA stability by changing sequences involved in nuclease recognition; genetic stability in the case of RNA virus genomes by changing sequences during viral RNA replication; and RNA structure-dependent activities such as microRNA production or targeting or protein-RNA interactions. Can edit both viral and cellular RNAs and can edit RNAs at multiple sites (hyper-editing) or at specific sites (site-specific editing). Its cellular RNA substrates include: bladder cancer-associated protein (BLCAP), neurotransmitter receptors for glutamate (GRIA2 and GRIK2) and serotonin (HTR2C), GABA receptor (GABRA3) and potassium voltage-gated channel (KCNA1). Site-specific RNA editing of transcripts encoding these proteins results in amino acid substitutions which consequently alter their functional activities. Edits GRIA2 at both the Q/R and R/G sites efficiently but converts the adenosine in hotspot1 much less efficiently. Can exert a proviral effect towards human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and enhances its replication via both an editing-dependent and editing-independent mechanism. The former involves editing of adenosines in the 5'UTR while the latter occurs via suppression of EIF2AK2/PKR activation and function. Can inhibit cell proliferation and migration and can stimulate exocytosis.

Synonyms

1700057H01Rik; ADAR2; Adarb1; adenosine deaminase, RNA specific B1; adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1; adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (homolog of rat RED1); adenosine deaminase, RNA-specific, B1 (RED1 homolog rat); AW124433; AW558573; BB220382; D10Bwg0447e; Double-stranded RNA-specific editase 1; DRABA2; DRADA2; dsRNA adenosine deaminase; dsRNA adenosine deaminase DRADA2; RED1; RED1 homolog; RNA editase; RNA editing deaminase 1; RNA editing deaminase of glutamate receptors; RNA-editing deaminase 1; RNA-editing enzyme 1